The Indian Constitution, which was adopted on January 26, 1950, is the supreme law of the land and sets out the framework for governance in India. Part VI of the Indian Constitution deals with the States, which are the constituent units of the Indian Union.
The States in India have their own governments, which are responsible for the administration of their respective territories. The State Governments have the power to legislate on matters within their jurisdiction and also exercise executive and judicial powers.
Part VI of the Constitution contains provisions for the functioning of the State governments. It establishes a parliamentary system of government at the state level, a federal system of government, and the judicial system at the state level.
Part VI of Indian Constitution Consist of Articles from Article 152 To 237
ARTICLES 152 TO 237
Chapter I.—General
Article 152: Definition
Chapter II.—The Executive
Article 153: Governors of States
Article 154: Executive power of State
Article 155: Appointment of Governor
Article 156: Term of office of Governor
Article 157: Qualifications for appointment as Governor
Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s office
Article 159: Oath or affirmation by the Governor
Article 160: Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
Article 161: Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
Article 162: Extent of executive power of State
Article 163: Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
Article 164: Other provisions as to Ministers
Article 165: Advocate-General for the State
Article 166: Conduct of business of the Government of a State
Article 167: Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
Chapter III.—The State Legislature
Article 168: Constitution of Legislatures in States
Article 169: Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States
Article 170: Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
Article 171: Composition of the Legislative Councils
Article 172: Duration of State Legislatures
Article 173: Qualification for membership of the State Legislature
Article 174: Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution
Article 175: Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses
Article 176: Special address by the Governor
Article 177: Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
Article 178: The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
Article 179: Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
Article 180: Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
Article 181: The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
Article 182: The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
Article 183: Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman
Article 184: Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
Article 185. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
Article 186: Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman
Article 187: Secretariat of State Legislature
Article 188: Oath or affirmation by members
Article 189: Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
Article 190: Vacation of seats
Article 191: Disqualifications for membership
Article 192: Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
Article 193: Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified
Article 194: Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
Article 195: Salaries and allowances of members
Article 196: Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
Article 197: Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills
Article 198: Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
Article 199: Definition of “Money Bills”
Article 200: Assent to Bills
Article 201: Bills reserved for consideration
Article 202: Annual financial statement
Article 203: Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates
Article 204: Appropriation Bills
Article 205: Supplementary, additional or excess grants
Article 206: Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
Article 207: Special provisions as to financial Bills
Article 208: Rules of procedure
Article 209: Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business
Article 210: Language to be used in the Legislature
Article 211: Restriction on discussion in the Legislature
Article 212: Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature
Chapter IV.—Legislative Power of the Governor
Article 213: Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
Chapter V.—The High Courts in the States
Article 214: High Courts for States
Article 215: High Courts to be courts of record
Article 216: Constitution of High Courts
Article 217: Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court
Article 218: Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts
Article 219: Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts
Article 220: Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge
Article 221: Salaries, etc., of Judges
Article 222: Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another
Article 223: Appointment of acting Chief Justice
Article 224: Appointment of additional and acting Judges
Article 224A: Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts
Article 225: Jurisdiction of existing High Courts
Article 226: Power of High Courts to issue certain writs
Article 227: Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court
Article 228: Transfer of certain cases to High Court
Article 229: Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts
Article 230: Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories
Article 231: Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States
Chapter VI.—Subordinate Courts
Article 233: Appointment of district judges
Article 233A: Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges
Article 234: Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service
Article 235: Control over subordinate courts
Article 236: Interpretation
Article 237: Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates
One of the key features of the Indian Constitution is its federal nature, which means that power is shared between the Centre and the States. Part VI of the Indian Constitution lays down the framework for this relationship between the Centre and the States, defining the respective powers and responsibilities of each.
Under Part VI of the Indian Constitution, the legislative power of a State is vested in a State Legislature, which consists of a Governor and one or two Houses, depending on the State. The executive power of a State is vested in the Governor, who is appointed by the President of India, and the Chief Minister, who is appointed by the Governor.
The judiciary in a State is also independent of the Centre and is headed by a High Court, which has jurisdiction over the entire State.
In addition to defining the powers and responsibilities of the State Government, Part VI of the Indian Constitution also lays down the process for the creation or alteration of State boundaries and the admission or establishment of new States.
Part VI of the Indian Constitution outlines the powers and responsibilities of the State Governments in India, and establishes the framework for the relationship between the Centre and the States. Its provisions play a critical role in ensuring that the Indian Union operates smoothly and that the interests of all its constituent units are protected.
Overall, understanding Part VI of the Indian Constitution is crucial for anyone seeking to comprehend the Indian federal system and the role played by the States in India’s governance structure.
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