Articles Of Indian Constitution
Articles Of Indian Constitution
The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India and is the longest written constitution in the world. It was adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950. The Constitution consists of a Preamble, 22 Parts, and 395 Articles, along with 12 Schedules.
The Articles of the Indian Constitution are the core of the document and define the structure and powers of the government, as well as the rights and duties of the citizens. Here’s a brief overview of each Part and the Articles it contains:
Part II – Citizenship
Article 5 – Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
Article 6 – Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan
Article 7 – Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan
Article 8 – Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India
Article 9 – Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens
Article 10 – Continuance of the rights of citizenship
Part III – Fundamental Rights
Article 12 – Definition of the State
Article 13 – Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
Article 14 – Equality before law
Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 17 – Abolition of untouchability
Article 18 – Abolition of titles
Article 19 – Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offences
Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty
Article 21A – Right to education
Article 22 – Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 36 – Definition
Article 37 – Application of the principles contained in this Part
Article 38 – State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
Article 39 – Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
Article 39A – Equal justice and free legal aid
Article 40 – Organisation of village panchayats
Article 41 – Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
Article 42 – Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Article 43 – Living wage, etc., for workers
Article 43A – Participation of workers in management of industries
Article 44 – Uniform civil code for the citizens
Article 45 – Provision for free and compulsory education for children
Article 46 – Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
Article 47 – Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
Article 48 – Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
Article 48A – Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
Article 49 – Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
Article 50 – Separation of judiciary from executive
Part IVA – Fundamental Duties
Article 51A – Fundamental duties
PART V – The Union
Article 52: The President of India
Article 53: Executive power of the Union
Article 54: Election of President
Article 55: Manner of election of President
Article 56: Term of office of President
Article 57: Eligibility for re-election
Article 58: Qualifications for election as President
Article 59: Conditions of President’s office
Article 60: Oath or affirmation by the President
Article 61: Procedure for impeachment of the President
Article 62: Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy
Article 63: The Vice-President of India
Article 64: The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States
Article 65: The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President
Article 66: Election of Vice-President
Article 67: Term of office of Vice-President
Article 68: Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy
Article 69: Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President
Article 70: Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies
Article 71: Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President
Article 72: Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
Article 73: Extent of executive power of the Union
Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
Article 75: Other provisions as to Ministers
Article 75A: Appointment of Prime Minister
Article 76: Attorney-General for India
Article 77: Conduct of business of the Government of India
Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
Article 79: Constitution of the Parliament
Article 80: Composition of the Council of States
Article 81: Composition of the House of the People
Article 82: Readjustment after each census
Article 83: Duration of Houses of Parliament
Article 84: Qualification for membership of Parliament
Article 85: Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution
Article 86: Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
Article 87: Special address by the President
Article 88: Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses
Article 89: The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
Article 90: Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
Article 91: Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
Article 92: The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
Part VII: The States in Part B of the First Schedule
Article 92A: [Repealed]
Article 93: The Governor
Article 94: Provisions as to the Governor’s office
Article 95: The Executive power of the State
Article 96: Provisions as to the Council of Ministers
Article 97: The Advocate-General for the State
Article 98: The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Article 99: Oath or affirmation by Governor
Article 100: Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
Article 101: Vacation of seats
Article 102: Disqualifications for membership
Article 103: Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
Article 104: Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified
Article 105: Powers, privileges, etc. of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
Article 106: Salaries and allowances of members
Article 107: Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
Article 108: Joint sittings of, and voting by, Houses
Article 109: Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
Article 110: Definition of “Money Bills”
Article 111: Assent to Bills
Article 112: Annual financial statement
Article 113: Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
Article 114: Appropriation Bills
Article 115: Supplementary, additional or excess grants
Article 116: Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
Article 117: Special provisions as to financial Bills
Article 118: Rules of procedure
Article 119: Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
Article 120: Language to be used in Parliament
Article 121: Restriction on discussion in Parliament
Article 122: Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
Article 123: Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament
Article 124 – Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
Article 125 – Salaries, etc., of Judges
Article 126 – Appointment of acting Chief Justice
Article 127 – Appointment of ad hoc Judges
Article 128 – Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court
Article 129 – Supreme Court to be a court of record
Article 130 – Seat of Supreme Court
Article 131 – Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Article 131A – [Repealed]
Article 132 – Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases
Article 133 – Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters
Article 133A – [Repealed]
Article 134 – Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters
Article 134A – Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
Article 135 – Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
Article 136 – Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court
Article 137 – Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
Article 138 – Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Article 139 – Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs
Article 139A – Transfer of certain cases
Article 140 – Ancillary powers of Supreme Court
Article 141 – Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts
Article 142 – Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
Part VII: The States in Part B of the First Schedule
Article 143 – Power of President to consult Supreme Court
Article 144 – Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
Article 145 – Rules of court, etc.
Article 146 – Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court
Article 147 – Interpretation
Article 148 – Audit of accounts of the Union and of the States
Article 149 – Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
Article 150 – Form of accounts of the Union and of the States
Article 151 – Audit reports
Part VI: The States
Article 152: Definition of state
Article 153: Governors of States
Article 154: Executive power of State
Article 155: Appointment of Governor
Article 156: Term of office of Governor
Article 157: Qualifications for appointment as Governor
Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s office
Article 159: Oath or affirmation by the Governor
Article 160: Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
Article 161: Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
Article 162: Extent of executive power of State
Article 163: Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
Article 164: Other provisions as to Ministers
Article 165: Advocate-General for the State
Article 166: Conduct of business of the Government of a State
Article 167: Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
Article 168: Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
Article 169: Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States
Article 170: Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
Article 171: Composition of the Legislative Councils
Article 172: Duration of State Legislatures
Article 173: Qualification for membership of the State Legislature
Article 174: Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution
Article 175: Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses
Article 176: Special address by the Governor
Article 177: Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
Article 178: Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
Article 179: Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
Article 180: Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
Article 181: Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker
Article 182: Secretariat of State Legislature
Article 183: Oath or affirmation by members
Article 184: Disqualifications for membership
Article 185: Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
Article 186: Salaries and allowances of members
Article 187: Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
Article 188: Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
Article 189: Definition of “Money Bills”
Article 190: Procedure in Legislature with respect to Money Bills
Article 191: Restriction on powers of Legislature with regard to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested
Article 192: Presiding officers of Legislatures of States, etc.
Article 193: Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
Article 194: Rules of procedure
Article 195: Salaries and allowances of members
Article 196: Secretariat of State Legislature
Article 197: Oath or affirmation by members
Article 198: Disqualifications for membership
Article 199: Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
Article 200: Assent to Bills
Article 201: Withholding of Assent
Article 202: Consideration of Bills by Governor
Article 203: Procedure with Respect to Bills Containing Provisions for Alteration of Boundaries of States
Article 204: Custody of State Acts
Article 205: Ministers
Article 206: Conduct of Business of the Government of a State
Article 207: Special Responsibility of the Governor for the Peace and Constitutional Safeguards
Article 208: Duty of Chief Minister as respects the Furnishing of Information to Governor
Article 209: Oath or Affirmation by the Governor
Article 210: Undertaking by Ministers and Attorney-General of India
Article 211: Restrictions on the Employment of Ministers and the Attorney-General of India After Resignation
Article 212: Courts not to Inquire into Proceedings of the Legislature
Article 213: Power of Governor to Promulgate Ordinances During Recess of Legislature
Article 214: High Courts for States
Article 215: High Courts to be Courts of Record
Article 216: Constitution of High Courts
Article 217: Appointment and Conditions of the Office of a Judge of a High Court
Article 218: Application of Certain Provisions Relating to Supreme Court to High Courts
Article 219: Oath or Affirmation by Judges of High Courts
Article 220: Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge
Article 221: Salaries, etc., of Judges
Article 222: Transfer of a Judge from One High Court to Another
Article 223: Appointment of Acting Chief Justice
Article 224: Appointment of Additional and Acting Judges
Article 224A: Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts
Article 225: Jurisdiction of Existing High Courts
Article 226: Power of High Courts to Issue Certain Writs
Article 227: Power of Superintendence Over All Courts by the High Court
Article 228: Transfer of Certain Cases to High Court
Article 229: Officers and Servants and the Expenses of High Courts
Article 230: Extension of Jurisdiction of High Courts to Union Territories
Article 231: Establishment of a Common High Court for Two or More States
Article 232: Appointment of Judges Other Than Chief Justice to the Common High Court
Article 233: Appointment of Acting Chief Justice
Article 234: Appointment of Additional and Acting Judges
Article 235: Control over Subordinate Courts
Article 236: Interpretation
Article 237: Application of the provisions of this chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates
Part VII: The States in Part B of the First Schedule (Repealed)
Article 238: Application of provisions of part VI to states in Part B of the first Schedule (Repealed)
Part VIII: The Union Territories
Article 239: Administration of Union Territories
Article 239A: Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers
Article 240: Power of President to make regulations for certain Union Territories
Article 241: High Courts for Union Territories
Article 242: Coorg (Repealed)
Part IX: The Panchayats
Article 243A: Gram Sabha
Article 243B: Constitution of Panchayats
Article 243C: Composition of Panchayats
Article 243D: Reservation of seats
Article 243E: Duration of Panchayats, etc.
Article 243F: Disqualifications
Article 243G: Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
Article 243H: Powers to impose taxes by, and funds of, the Panchayats
Article 243-I: Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position
Article 243J: Audit of accounts of Panchayats
Article 243K: Elections to the Panchayats
Article 243L: Application to Union territories
Article 243M: Part not to apply to certain areas